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This study investigated the effect of ethanol extracts of horsetail, alfalfa, ortie, chêne and aleppo oak on blood coagulation in vitro. Extraction was performed by the maceration method. Extracts were mixed with platelet and plasma, then prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and platelet aggregation tests were conducted. Alfalfa extract had a dose-dependent effect on the PT. Ortie, and horsetail, reduced the PT significantly compared to control group. Alfalfa, horsetail, and ortie reduced the APTT, but their effect was insignificant compared to the control group. The pooled extract showed the highest effect compared to the single extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Horsetail and alfalfa induced platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid but not in response to collagen. In the case of ortie, no aggregation occurred regarding the arachidonic acid, and incomplete was observed in response to collagen. Interestingly, blood clotting occurred immediately after adding the chêne, aleppo oak and the pooled extract, and therefore platelet poor plasma (PPP) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) became jelly. Generally, chêne and aleppo oak, as well as pooled extract, were more effective in inducing both primary and secondary coagulation pathways via shortening the PT and APTT, and induction of platelet aggregation.
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Volatile constituents obtained by water distillation from the aerial parts and root of Onosma dichroanthum Boiss (Boraginaceae) native to the north of Iran were investigated by GC and GC/MS for the first time. Palmitic acid (39.61%) and decane (31.39%) were the major components in the root while decane (26.26%) and phytol (25.52%) were the predominant constituents in the aerial parts. Ketones, aldehydes, alkanes, fatty acids, oxygenated diterpenes and sesquiterpenes were characterized as the most phytochemicals in the aerial parts. Alkanes and fatty acids were identified as the main groups in the root volatile substances. There were two ketone derivatives, belong to apocarotenoids, in the aerial parts; β-ionone and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone.
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of resveratrol against CCl
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Backgrounds and Objectives: Application of herbal plants instead of synthetic drugs has been increasing in recent years because of their lower side-effects and high varieties of efficient components. In this investigation, analgesic effects of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of RHUS CORIARIA [HRC] were studied on male rats
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups: control, HRC [80, 100 and 300 mg/kg, i.p.], Morphine [1mg/kg, i.p.], aspirin [1mg/kg, i.p.], and naloxone [1 mg/kg, i.p.]. The analgesic effects of HRC were assessed with writhing, tail-flick and formalin tests. The data were compared with One-way ANOVA test
Results: HRC significantly inhibited the number of contractions induced by acetic acid. All doses of HRC showed antinociceptive activity in the tail flick model. In formalin test, the highest effect observed was at the dose of 300 mg/kg [P<0.01]. Administration of naloxone inhibited the antinociceptive effect of HRC
Conclusions: The obtained data suggest analgesic effects for HRC, which may be mediated via both peripheral and central mechanisms. The presence of flavonoids might be responsible for the antinociceptive activity of this plant
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Antibodies have a wide application in diagnosis and treatment. In order to maintain optimal stability of various functional parts of antibodies such as antigen binding sites, several approaches have been suggested. Using additives such as polysaccharides and polyols is one of the main methods in protecting antibodies against aggregation or degradation in the formulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of various additives on the specific reactivity of monoclonal antibodies [mAbs] against recombinant HBsAg [rHBsAg] epitopes. To estimate the protective effect of different additives on the stability of antibody against conformational epitopes [S3 antibody] and linear epitopes [S7 and S11 antibodies] of rHBsAg, heat shock at 37[degree]C was performed in liquid and solid phases. Environmental factors were considered to be constant. The specific reactivity of antibodies was evaluated using ELISA method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software by Mann-Whitney nonparametric test with the confidence interval of 95%. Our results showed that 0.25 M sucrose, 0.04 M trehalose and 0.5% BSA had the most protective effect on maintaining the reactivity of mAbs [S3] against conformational epitopes of rHBsAg. Results obtained from S7 and S11 mAbs against linear characteristics showed minor differences. The most efficient protective additives were 0.04 M trehalose and 1 M sucrose. Nowadays, application of appropriate additives is important for increasing the stability of antibodies. It was concluded that sucrose, trehalose and BSA have considerable effects on the specific reactivity of anti rHBsAg mAbs during long storage
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RFamide-related peptide-3 [RFRP-3] and kisspeptin [KiSS-1] are known to respectively inhibit and stimulate gonadotropin releasing hormone [GnRH] and luteinizing hormone [LH] secretion in rat. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative mRNA expression of RFRP-3 and KiSS-1 in the hypothalamus of pregnant rats. In a randomized controlled experimental study, the exact pregnancy day of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were confirmed using the vaginal smear method and were equally assigned to three groups of days 7, 14 and 21 of pregnancy. Four non-pregnant female rats were ovariectomized and assigned as the control group. All rats were decapitated, and the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus [DMH] and the arcuate nucleus [ARC] for detection of KiSS-1 mRNA were separated from their hypothalamus to detect RFRP-3 and KiSS-1 mRNA respectively. Then, their relative expressions were compared between control and pregnant groups using real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. The relative expression of RFRP-3 mRNA in DMH did not change significantly during pregnancy [p>0.01]. However, the relative expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in ARC was at its highest in day 7 of pregnancy and decreased until day 21 of pregnancy [p<0.01]. Decrease in GnRH and LH secretion during the pregnancy of rat may be controlled by constant expression of RFRP-3 mRNA and reduced expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in hypothalamus
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , RNA, Messenger , Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus , Kisspeptins , Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , PregnancyABSTRACT
Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide and also in Iran. Reports announced by Controlling Diseases Center [CDC] prove the presence of two species including Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in this province. P. falciparum cases diagnosis in purpose of true treatment and following up patients is necessary. This study is intending to extract DNA from negative microscopic smears using the newly invented method by research group and afterwards to evaluate negative malaria Giemsa-stained smears using nested polymerase chain reaction. Aiming to diagnose malaria, nested PCR amplification was accomplished using DNA extracted from fixed negatively diagnosed microscopic smears and Giemsa-stained. The extracted DNA was used as a pattern to amplify the specific sequence of P. falciparum and P. vivax using the small subunit of ribosomal RNA [18ssrRNA]. This retrospective study was implemented on 500 malaria negative microscopic smears storing from 6 months to 1 year. By accomplishing PCR amplification on 500 microscopic smears, 54 [10.8%] malaria positive samples were diagnosed which were incorrectly diagnosed to be negative previously. Of all specimens revealed to be positive, 34 [6.8%] cases were P. vivax while 20 [4%] cases were P. falciparum. This study reveals the priority of nested-PCR method to microscopic examination method and the possibility of using old microscopic smears in epidemiologic and retrospective studies clearly
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Vesicoureteral reflux [VUR] is an important disorder that could be diagnosed in antenatal or postnatal period. The natural history of VUR seems to be different between prenatal or postnatal forms of the disease. We compared the natural history and outcome of vesicoureteral reflux in infants less than one year old diagnosed prenatally or postnatally. All infants less than 12 months old with VUR were enrolled in two groups. Group 1 composed of patients with antenatal hydronephrosis and group2, infants with diagnosis of VUR because of UTI or other postnatal problems. We followed patients for an average of 33 months. Outcome was assessed by several factors: somatic growth, need for surgery, resolution, occurrence of UTI and scar formation. We studied 236 renal units in 152 patients [70 boys, 82girls], 67 patients in group 1 and 85 patients in group2. Occurrence of recurrent UTI was 10.6% with no significant difference between two groups. Reflux resolved in postnatal group more significantly than in the other group [73% vs 49%]. Scar developed similarly in both groups [15% vs 25% of renal units]. Surgery performed in 7 [8.2%] of postnatal and 4 [6%] of prenatal group with no significant differences between the two groups. VUR diagnosed prenatally has similar importance and outcome as postnatal diagnosed one. We suggest performing the same imaging and treatment procedures for prenatally and postnatally diagnosed VUR
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Prenatal Diagnosis , Hydronephrosis , Natural History , Diagnostic ImagingABSTRACT
Zahedan is a tropical region in southeast of Iran. Due to importance of congenital Toxoplasmosis and absence of study evidences in this field in Zahedan, this research was accomplished. 221 serum samples were collected from pregnant women referring to reference laboratory of Zahedan. The IgG and IgM antibody levels against were examined using ELISA method. 30.8% cases out of all samples were IgG positive and in 1.4% cases IgG and IgM were both positive for toxoplasmosis. 69.2% of pregnant women were serologically negative against toxoplasmosis; therefore hygiene education to eliminate risk factors especially during pregnancy period seems to be imperative
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Damages caused by scald burns are common and can cause severe complications and death. The purpose of this study was to define risk groups and then methods of prevention and treatment is designed to fit. Data for this retrospective study of hospitalized patients in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran from 2007-2011 were compiled. Data including age, sex, cause of burn, and degree of burn and ultimate fate of the victims were collected from scald burns. Burns caused by boiling water and hot food [Scald], in two age groups: 12 and under 12 years [children] and more than 12 years [adults] were compared in terms of statistics. A total of 1150 patients consisting of males [57.9%] and females [42.1%] were studied. The most common age was 1 year old and 50% of patients were under 3 years of age. 87.9% burned with boiling water and 12.1% had experienced burns with hot food. Incentive to burn was 0.3% cross burning and 99.7% incident. A maximum number of burns in children 12 years and younger males [42.1%] and a minimum number in men over 12 years [15.7%] were observed. Mean percentage of burns was 11% in over 12 years group and 30.9% in 12 and under 12 years group. The average hospital stay was 11.4 days and the mortality rate was 4.8%. The final status of the patients was as fallows: full recovery 904 cases [78.6%], partial recovery 134 [11.7%], clearance with personal consent 41 [3.6%], death 55 [4.8%] and 16 cases [3.1%] were among other reasons. In general it can be said, scald burns incidence in individuals aged 12 and younger were more than the older ones and the mean of burns was lower in individuals with over 12 years old. There was a sexual preference for males under 12 years. Mortality rate in the two groups has not any statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant association between sex and mortality rate. Some of our findings are depending on cultural, social and economic conditions, so generalized this findings to other geographical areas should be done with caution
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Labiatae family is well represented in Iran by 46 genera and 410 species and subspecies. Many members of this family are used in traditional and folk medicine. Also they are used as culinary and ornamental plants. There are no distinct references on the ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of the family in Iran and most of the publications and documents related to the uses of these species are both in Persian and not comprehensive. In this article we reviewed all the available publication on this family. Also documentation from unpublished resources and ethnobotanical surveys has been included. Based on our literature search, out of the total number of the Labiatae family in Iran, 18% of the species are used for medicinal purposes. Leaves are the most used plant parts. Medicinal applications are classified into 13 main categories. A number of pharmacological and experimental studies have been reviewed, which confirm some of the traditional applications and also show the headline for future works on this family